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Authentication vs Authorization

Here's a comparison of authentication and authorization:

AspectAuthenticationAuthorization
DefinitionThe process of verifying who a user is.The process of verifying what access a user has.
FocusIdentity verification.Access rights and privileges.
ExampleEntering a username and password.Checking if a user can access a specific resource, like a file or database.
How It WorksTypically involves passwords, biometrics, OTPs, etc.Involves settings, roles, and permissions that define what resources a user can access.
Tools/MethodsLogin forms, OTPs, biometric scanners.Access control lists, role-based access control.
Order in ProcessComes first in the security process.Follows after authentication is successful.
Key ConcernVerifying user identity is genuine.Managing user permissions and access levels.
FrequencyTypically occurs once at the beginning of a session.Can occur multiple times, whenever a user requests access to a resource.
DependenceIndependent process, can exist without authorization in some systems.Requires authentication as a prerequisite.
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